Today's Lesson in Jargon

In online communities—particularly those of a hackerish variety—there are frequently touted "laws", "maxims", and "theories" associated frequently with individuals' names. In the interest of sub-/counter-cultural literacy, your task is to learn the following and consider at least three places where each applies: Sturgeon's Law, Hanlon's Razor, Fingale's Law, Brooks's Law, Godwin's Law, Green's Theorem, Parkinson's Law of Data, Schrödinbug, and—just for amusement—quadruple bucky.